The difference is in the telephoto lens - and a noticeable one, and for the first time in the history of Apple there is a difference in cameras between the Pro versions and Pro Max.
The Pro version has a 12-megapixel camera and 3x optical zoom, and the Pro Max version has 5x optical zoom using its own technology (Tetraprisma) in the telescopic design.
In smartphones manufactured by Samsung Ultra series, this has been practiced for more than 5 years, even with the Samsung s20 Ultra models, where only the older model also used telescopic technology with a prism, which better stabilizes the image, preventing blurring.